Farrell cengage.com/chemistry/campbell Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information Paul D. Adams • University of Arkansas Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acid: a biopolymer containing three types of monomer units • a base derived from purine or pyrimidine (nucleobases) • a monosaccharide‚ either D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose • phosphoric acid • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleic Acids • Levels of structure • 1°structure: the order of bases on
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NUCLEIC ACIDS I.BASIC CONCEPTS II.CLASSES III.CHEMICAL NATURE IV.FUNCTION I.BASIC CONCEPTS NUCLEIC ACIDS polymeric macromolecules‚ or large biological molecules‚ essential for all known forms of life are made from monomers known as nucleotides Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base If the sugar is deoxyribose‚ the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose‚ the polymer is RNA. Together with proteins‚ nucleic acids are the most
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of Total Carbohydrates Using the Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method This lab introduced the students to analyzing carbohydrate content using a spectrophotometer and phenol-sulfuric acid methods. Virginia Smith 983976633 Lab Partner: Jeff Martz Due Date: 3-22-11 Introduction The objective of this lab was to have students use a spectrophotometer to analyze the carbohydrate content in the sample. Phenol-sulfuric acid methods were also applied
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by everyday pollution from houses‚ factories‚ cars‚ and etc. This is the concept of acid rain‚ which according to EPA.gov is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain isn’t just rain‚ its forms like hail or snow‚ which is wet deposition‚ and smoke or dust‚ which is dry deposition. The effects of acid rain are quite terrifying bringing all types of problems to the Earth‚ for example
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| | |Acid-Base Indicators: Spectroscopic Method of Determination of Ka | |Sahib Kaur | |
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7 iLab: DNA‚ mRNA‚ and Protein (30 points) Name: Kaylee Klefman Complete the two questions below. Each question has four parts. This assignment is two pages long. Question 1: For the following double-stranded DNA sequence‚ -CATTGACCGTAA- -GTAACTGGCATT- Answer the following questions: a) Assume that RNA polymerase will read the top strand of DNA as the “template” to synthesize mRNA. What will be the sequence of the mRNA synthesized? (3 points) The new mrna sequence will
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Periodic Table Lab Look up all the halogens‚ give their name and formula. Describe what each one looks like under normal conditions. Halogens contain salts and they are: 1. Flourine F Normal Conditions- Gas 2. Chlorine Cl Normal Conditions- Gas 3. Bromine Br Normal Conditions- Liquid 4. Iodine I Normal Conditions- Solid 5. Astatine At Normal Conditions- Solid Give the names and formulas of three compounds that contain one element from the Noble Gas family. 1. Helium He 2. Neon
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Diagram of Essential Amino Acid Lysine ● ● Lysine is a base Physical properties: Polar‚ positively charged ● ● ● Highly reactive Hydrophilic Solubility: ^ soluble in cold water ● ● Reactivity: 0 Flammability: 1 (may be combustible at high temps Protein Structure Dehydration Hydrolysis Stabilizing Forces 1) Hydrophobic Interactions Non polar amino acids (leucine and phenylalanine are two examples). Weakest type of bond. 2) Hydrogen bonds: Polar or charged amino acids (example Tyrosine)
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and these comprise only 20 kinds of amino acids in various combinations. These 20 kinds of amino acids are essential to the body. In addition to being the materials for proteins‚ they are used as an energy source for the body as necessary. Further‚ each amino acid plays an important and unique role in the body. The list below shows the role of each amino acid. | Valine Leucine Isoleucine | All of these 3 amino acids are called branched chain amino acid(BCAAs). They perform the important functions
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on biological thinking as the discovery of base-pairing in nucleic acids. These complementariness principles do not only underlie current ideas on the structure of the nucleic acids‚ but they form the foundation of all speculations‚ more or less well- founded‚ on their physical properties (denaturation‚ hypochromic- ity‚ etc.)‚ on the transfer of biological information from deoxy- ribonucleic acid to ribonucleic acid‚ and on the role of the latter in directing the synthesis of specific
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