acids can be assembled to make proteins. This is the start of protein synthesis. There are 3 different types of RNA: * mRNA (messenger RNA) (Applin‚ D (1997)) states‚ “DNA employs a message to take instructions to where they are needed. This messenger is a substance called messenger RNA (mRNA) * rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) along with protein makes up the ribosome * tRNA (Transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome’s where proteins are synthesised Since DNA is part of a larger molecule
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There are several differences between RNA and DNA is that are key. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. Secondly b. RNA is generally single stranded and not double stranded. Lastly RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. c. The three types of RNA are messenger RNA‚ transfer RNA‚ and ribosomal RNA. Messenger RNA is the “mirror image” of the DNA that encodes the amino acid sequence for the protein specified by the gene. The Transfer RNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes
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Cell Microstructure and function Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Chromosomes Transfer RNA DNA Messenger RNA Centrioles Phospholipids Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell Membrane Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Cell membrane Cell membrane is a thin‚ elastically‚ living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which
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The Messenger 1. The Envelope on p.118 contains an ace of clubs and a letter. What do we learn about the fate of ‘Mr Edgar St’? We learn that ‘Mr Edgar St’ has gotten on a train and left the town. 2. What is written on the ace of clubs? On the ace of clubs it says; say a prayer at the stones of home. 3. How did Ed end up at the river near his home? The guy that hopped into his taxi led him there and refused to pay‚ so Ed gave chase. 4. What is written on the rocks? There were
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Chapter 12A—DNA and RNA MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria? a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. b. The mice developed pneumonia. c. The harmless bacteria died. d. The mice were unaffected. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 288 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine b. ribose + phosphate
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of synthesis with transcription and translation. DNA is transcribed into RNA which then uses that DNA as a template to translate into a polypeptide forming the trait or attribute. Depending on the DNA or genotype‚ the RNA or phenotype is conversely related. The process of synthesis with the gene to a protein is based on a triplet code‚ or a three-base word called codons. These codons are the building blocks between DNA and RNA that make up the amino acids in a polypeptide chain. 3. Describe each
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out by RNA (ribonucleic acid) and other proteins. As suggested earlier‚ this is an extraordinarily complex process that we do not attempt to discuss here. Following synthesis‚ proteins fold up into an essentially compact three-dimensional shape‚ which is their tertiary structure. DNA contains the instructions for a cell’s structure and function. It is the blueprints for how the cell runs‚ reproduces‚ builds and repairs itself‚ and every other function necessary for cell life. Messenger ribonucleic
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direction and the mRNA is transcribed in the 5’ to 3’ direction by the RNA polymerase. Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus‚ where the DNA is held. The DNA structure of the cell is made up of two helixes made up of sugar and phosphate held together by the bases. The sugar and the phosphate are joined together by a hydrogen bond. The DNA is "unzipped" by the enzyme helicase‚ leaving the single nucleotide chain open to be copied. RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from 3-prime (3’) end to the 5-prime
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Recognize the guanine and uridine rich single stranded RNAs) viii. TLR 9: unmethlylated CpG DNA (vaccinia‚ hepB‚ herpes) 2. Both single and dsDNA b. Many DNA viruses transcribe both strands of certain regions of their DNA genomes = self- complementary RNAs (dsRNA) c. ssRNA viruses = replicate their genome by synthesizing full length complementary RNA stands that can form dsRNA by hybridizing to the template RNA strand ix. ***The presence of dsRNA is the
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A macromolecule can best be described as an immense molecule‚ made up of thousands of covalently bonded carbon atoms. There are four classifications of macromolecules: carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids. Each classification performs specific functions that allow cells to grow and survive. Macromolecules can be either split or bonded through dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis occurs when water is released‚ electrons become shared‚ covalently bonding two
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