this module along with additional outside research to answer the questions: 1 Discuss the two methods of viral replication. The two methods of viral replication are done in animal viruses. The first method deals with DNA viruses and the second is RNA viruses. In the DNA virus‚ the viral DNA enters the nucleus of the host cell. Than it is transcribed into mRNA and leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The early mRNA then translates into early viral proteins. The early viral proteins deal with the
Premium Virus DNA Microbiology
Shier‚ Butler‚ and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology‚ 10th ed. Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism I. Metabolic Processes A. Introduction 1. Metabolism is the sum total of chemical reactions within cells. 2. In metabolic reactions‚ the product of one reaction serves as starting materials for another metabolic reaction. 3. This chapter explores how metabolic pathways supply a cell with energy and how other biochemical
Premium Metabolism Adenosine triphosphate Protein
1866 Mendel’s paper is published: units of inheritance in pairs; dominance and recessiveness; equal segregation; independent assortment. These ideas are not recognized for 34 years. 1869 DNA (first called "nuclein") is identified by Friedrich Miescher as an acidic substance found in cell nuclei. The significance of DNA is not appreciated for over 70 years. 1900 Mendel’s experiments from 1866 are "rediscovered" and confirmed by three separate researchers (one Dutch‚ one German‚ one Austrian). A
Premium DNA Genetics
Vocabulary words II: 1. Closed system - a region that is isolated from its surroundings by a boundary that admits no transfer of matter or energy across it 2. Undefined media - basal or complex media 3. Z-streak - is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism‚ often bacteria 4. Selective media – a growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells‚ or small plant 5. Differential media -are
Free DNA Bacteria Metabolism
instruction is copied in to RNA (ribonucleic acid). The RNA then takes the section of the instruction and leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome where it can be used to synthesise the protein. (Hickman and Thain 2004) Ribosomes are either free in the cytoplasm or are attached to the ER. Each ribosome has one conformational groove to fit the growing polypeptide chain and another for the messenger RNA. It has a gap between both of its sub units to permit the entry of transfer RNA. The tRNA is then bonded
Premium Cell Protein Cell membrane
regulation and negative feedback? 10. List the components of a reflex arc and describe how those components interact. 11. Differentiate between reflexes and local homeostatic responses. 12. List and describe four types of intercellular chemical messengers. 13. How do phase-shifts of the circadian rhythm occur? 14. Explain how an imbalance in any given physiological variable may produce a change in one or more other variables. 15. What are the three possible states of total-body balance of any
Premium Atom Chemical polarity Covalent bond
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SECTION A: SIMILARITIES‚ DIFFERENCES‚ AND DEFINITIONS Gametes are mature haploid reproductive cells that unite to form a zygote that develops into a new individual. Gametes are also called sex cells. An egg or ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete whereas a sperm is a male haploid reproductive cell. A zygote is the initial cell that is formed as a result of the union of a male and a female gamete by means of sexual reproduction. The two haploid cells merge
Free DNA Cell
DNA REPLICATION WHAT IS DNA? DNA is a molecule that has a repeating chain of identical five-carbon sugars (polymers) linked together from head to tail. It is composed of four ring shaped organic bases (nucleotides) which are Adenine (A)‚ Guanine (G)‚ Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). It has a double helix shape and contains the sugar component deoxyribose. THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICATION How DNA replicates is quite a simple process. First‚ a DNA molecule is "unzipped". In other words‚ it
Premium DNA
Joseph’s Story List Joseph’s risk factors and create a brief summary of the information you have so far. Identify how his risk factors would affect cellular functions. His risk factors are‚ stress‚ lack of sleep‚ fatigue‚ smoking and‚ family history of vascular disease. Smoking will affect mitosis by changing its process and altering the cycle of cell regeneration and division. Assuming Joseph’s heart stopped‚ what cellular functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen‚ blood glucose
Premium Enzyme Cell membrane Protein
Chapter 5 – Short answer a) Phosphorylation - the addition of phosphate to a chemical compound b) What are the 3 mechanisms of phosphorylation used by organisms? • Substrate level phosphorylation – ATP is generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound (substrate) to ADP • Oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from a group of organic compounds to a group of electron carriers (NAD+ and FAD); occurs in inner mitochondrial
Free DNA Bacteria