INTRODUCTION “Not only had India….set up his own machinery for oil exploration and exploitation….an efficient oil commission had been build where a large number of bright young men and women had been trained and they were doing good work.” -Pandit Janwarlal Nehru to Lord Mountbatten‚ on ONGC (1959) ONGC Group of Companies comprising of ONGC Limited‚ and its subsidiaries ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL)‚ ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONGBV) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) organize
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Capital Budgeting Rules: NPV‚ IRR‚ Payback‚ Discounted Payback‚ AAR Categories of Plans 1. Replacement Projects: decisions to replace old equipment – those are among the easier of capital budgeting techniques. It is important to decide whether to replace the equipment when it wears out or to invest in repairing the machine. 2. Expansion Projects: These are decisions whether to increase the size of business or not – they are more uncertain than replacement projects. 3. New products and services: These
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Budget Budget is the major financial and economic statement. The role of the budget is to keep track of the money coming in and the money going out. It is essential part of running any business effectively. It can help make a short and long term projections about financial situation‚ avert a financial crisis and plan for major financial changes. The company has to be able judge its spending performance. Does not matter what type of company it is‚ the ability to measure performance using budgets
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Capital Budgeting Analysis Project MBA 612 The General Capital Budgeting Process and how it is implemented within Organizations The general capital budgeting process is the tool by which an organization determines its choice of investments through analyzing and evaluating its cash in and out flows. The capital budget process is vital to the organizations mere existence. Capital budgeting decisions can mean the difference between the company’s
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Budgeting consists of defining priorities and needs‚ and receiving and spending funds over a particular period‚ usually a year for school district (Brimley‚ Verstegen & Garfield‚ 2012 (p. 279). The school budget is a financial plan that involves strategic planning‚ receiving funds‚ expenditures and evaluating the results. Education accountability is linked to effective budgeting that establish instructional goals along with financial planning. It is imperative as a school board member to possess
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ACCOUNTING: COSTING AND BUDGETING ------------------------------------------------- Amaya Gamage BM/C/43/32 SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Anuruddha Yapa 30.07.2012 Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere gratitude to those who helped me to finish this project on Costing and Budgeting. I have taken a lot of effort in finishing this assignment successfully. I express my heartfelt gratitude especially to our lecturer of Management Accounting: Costing and Budgeting module Mr. Anuruddha
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MODULE 9 CAPITAL BUDGETING THEORIES: Basic Concepts Decision Making Process 2. The first step in the decision-making process is to A. determine and evaluate possible courses of action. B. identify the problem and assign responsibility. C. make a decision. D. review results of the decision. Strategic planning 39. Strategic planning is the process of deciding on an organization’ A. minor programs and the approximate resources to be devoted to them B. major programs
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Capital Budgeting Basics A company undertakes capital budgeting in order to make the best decisions about utilizing its limited capital. For example‚ if you are considering opening a distribution center or investing in the development of a new product‚ capital budgeting will be essential. It will help you decide if the proposed project or investment is actually worth it in the long run. Identify Potential Opportunities The first step in the capital budgeting process is to identify the opportunities
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BUDGETING IN CO OPERATIVES A budget is a statement about the allocation of money (income and expenditure) according to a set of priorities or a plan over a period of time. The advantages of having a budget and budgeting system are as follows: ♣ It ensures the plans and ultimately the objectives of the co-operative are realized; ♣ It provides a means to control expenditure and ensure corrective measures are in place if over-expenditure has occurred or is happening; ♣ It assists
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BA 210-Management Principles Chapters Discussion Questions Chapter 1 Discussion Questions Q. 7 Is efficiency or effectiveness more important to organizational performance? Can managers improve both simultaneously? Efficiency is the use of minimal resources to produce a desired volume of output. Effectiveness is the measure by which the organizations achieve their goals. It is my belief that both are equally important. Efficiency and effectiveness are critical to success of
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