Until recently, most scientists thought that there were only two species of humans (i.e., modern humans and Neanderthals) living in Eurasia in the Upper Palaeolithic (50 – 10 thousand years ago). However, over the past decade several finds have indicated that there were several more. Svante Paabo and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Evolutionary Anthropology have revealed further proof of this fact with genetics. They sequenced the genome from the bones of an individual that had been found in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia. The results indicated that the individual was not a modern human or a Neanderthal. The new species has been named Denisovans. Together with Neanderthals, Denisovans are the closest extinct relatives of modern humans. It is likely that all three species knew of each others existence and may have even lived together in what is today Siberia. Future genomic comparative studies should help scientists uncover important genetic differences that contributed to the development of modern human culture and technology.…
The theory that Neanderthal and Homo Sapiens are cousins focuses on the time period when both existed and the geographic locations of both groups. Homo Sapiens lived in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and India prior to the third interglacial period, the proposed time of contact. Neanderthals developed in East Asia in the colder…
Homo sapien neanderthalensis is estimated to have lived between 130,000 and 28,000 years ago. The first remains were found in a German valley in 1856. This valley is called Neander Valley—the German word for valley is Tal—giving the species the name Neanderthalensis, most commonly known as Neanderthal. Neanderthal remains were discovered at the La Ferrassie cave located in Dordogne, France. Multiple excavations of the site have occurred between 1909 and present time, all of which have contributed to the understanding of Neanderthal anatomy, social life, and their interactions with modern humans. By looking at the La Ferrassie site research projects, one can see how important the site is in the explanation of how Homo sapien neanderthalensis…
The Neanderthals are an extinct species in the homo genus. They lived during the Pleistocene age. The Neanderthals are believed to have lived in most of Eurasia from 120,000 years ago to about 30,000 years ago. They were a more advanced pre-modern variation of the homo genus. The reason they are viewed as more advanced than other Pre-modern hominids is because they made tools, buried their dead they also lived to around forty years of age. This is quite long compared to their contemporaries. Their tools and artifacts characterize what is known as the Mousterian. To be precise the Neanderthals created flake tools. Tools made by the breakage of flakes of stone off of a larger rock. One example of these are the hand axes and smaller tools with a sharp cutting edge.…
The Teeth size of Neanderthals has given Anthropologists and scientists a plethora of information to what types of foods they ate in the past. Scientists have studied Neanderthals teeth and the dental plaque to discover their past food tastes. It has been shown that food had gotten stuck on the teeth of these cavemen, allowing the types of food they ate to be researched and studied. Neanderthals show knowledge and capabilities that have never been thought, and may be smarter than given credit.…
It is fascinating how human were able to live through ice age. During the ice age, the temperature intensely dropped, covering the Earth’s surface with ice sheets and glacier. It is not much to say that women’s role is one reason they were able to overcome the severe environment.…
In contrast to Homo Sapiens, Neanderthals were of robust stature with broad shoulders and small lower limbs. There is evidence of sexual dimorphism in Neanderthals, with males much larger than female counterparts. There is also intense controversy surrounding the fact if Neanderthals culture & customs, whether they had a language or buried their dead, the use of cave art such as that found in Gorham cave in Gibraltr, as shown below, for decoration would perhaps give precedence to the idea that Neanderthals had complex interactions with each other and their…
The articles, "Hard Times Among the Neanderthals" by Erik Trinkaus, and "Rethinking Neanderthals" by Joe Alper offer some insight into the existence of the Neanderthals. The articles suggest that Neanderthals may not have been the "dumb brutes" they were originally assumed to be; instead, they illustrate the ways in which Neanderthals were similar to modern humans (Alper, 146). Since the discovery of the first Neanderthal fossil remains in the Neander Valley near Düsseldorf, Germany in August of 1856 questions and controversies have been abound.…
In 2013, two cavers entered a cave named Rising Star, in South Africa. They were hoping to find fossils for a scientist, Professor Lee Berger, but what they found was beyond anyone’s expectations. After the two men squeezed their way through a narrow passage and down a chute, they found bones lying on the cave floor that looked both human and primitive. Berger began to excavate the cave immediately, and found over 1,500 bones of both young children and adults from all different parts of the body. Some body parts seemed almost identical to modern humans’, while others seemed much less advanced than other species in the genus Homo. It had the brain size of an ape, yet had feet almost identical to ours today. Berger decided to name what he believed…
As with anything that has gone extinct, it can be difficult to pinpoint why exactly a species has gone extinct. This is true for the neanderthals as well. However, scientists have some reasonable hypotheses as to why they disappeared. One possible explanation is climate change. Neanderthals were specialists, and specialized in hunting certain animals and living a certain way. As their environment changed, this made accessing food and their lifestyle more difficult to maintain. This change resulted in the Neanderthals becoming much more vulnerable to their environment. Another possible explanation for their extinction, is the emergence of Homo sapiens. When Homo sapiens arrived in Europe they likely could outcompete the Neanderthals in a variety…
Between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, Homo sapiens left Africa in search of more space and new habitats to use.On search, some how they met up with the Neanderthals occupying the Middle East and Southern Europe. There’s one hypothesis that suggest that Neanderthals were no match for Homo sapiens. They were, pushed out of their habitats, and extinct by a superior species. Another discovered evidence sets another possibility, that says that Homo sapiens left Africa not in one large, but in smaller movements. This would likely have been easier for resident Neanderthals to get comfortable. The hypothesis suggests that Neanderthals didn't actually leave , but were instead included into the various populations of Homo sapiens. which implies that…
From the scientist’s point of view, Darwins theory of evolution led them to believe highly in the reasoning of Neanderthals being our ancestors through the many findings. One reason that led to many beliefs was the numerous discoveries of bones and skulls not just one…
Did Neanderthals belong to the same species as modern day humans or were they just another failed species of hominid? There are many missing links when trying to discover the differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. Neanderthals were the first Europeans who occupied the continent from 300,000 to 400,000 years ago (Williams 2010). They were naturally able to adapt to the cold climate considering they survived the last ice age. They were able to function by using stone tools, building fires and living in caves. In many ways, we are similar to Neanderthals but they cannot compare to us in terms of intelligence and survival.…
Referred Article: "Better think twice about cloning the Neanderthal", The Straits' Times 23 February 2013…
Technology helped the homo-sapiens advance, but not the Neanderthals, because the Neanderthals did not use it. ”Homo habilis is usually considered…